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HinduismHinduism is an Indian religion encompassing diverse ritualistic Vedic traditions stressing the importance of karma and societal norms. The vast field of Hindu scriptures...
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Atman
自我
Atman is a person’s true self, which is infused with or is entirely coterminous with the universal spirit of Brahman, thus lying beyond the phenomenal, changing reality we perceive. It is vaguely similar to the Western concept of the soul, as each person “possesses” or partakes of the atman, but it differs from a soul in that the atman is not entirely unique to an individual; some Hindus believe that all individual atman are joined to the separate and superior Brahman (the dualistic view), and others believe that each individual atman is Brahman itself (the non-dual view). Either way, the individual atman is not entirely individual, as it is infused with the same Absolute Reality of Brahman as every other atman.
“阿特曼”是人真实的自我，它充满了或者是与普遍精神的“梵”具有完全紧密的联系，它也因此超越了我们所感知的现象的、不断变化的现实。它与西方的“灵魂”概念大致上相似，因为每个人都“拥有”或 “分担”阿特曼，但它不同于“灵魂”则在于“阿特曼”对个人而言并非是完全独特的；一些印度教徒认为，所有个体的阿特曼都被加入独立和优越的“梵”（“二元论”观点），其他人相信，每个个体的阿特曼就是“梵”（非“二元论”观点）。无论哪种方式，个体的阿特曼都不是完全个人的，因为它和其他所有“阿特曼”一样充满了同样的绝对真理——“梵”。