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IslamIslam is a religious tradition stressing submission to God according to the revelations to the prophet Muhammad (570/571-632 CE), whom Muslims hold to be the last in a line...
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A Discussion with Alberto Ares, S.J., Institute for Migration Studies, U. P. Comillas, Madrid
July 10, 2012
July 10, 2012
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Hajj
哈吉
The Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are required to make at least once in life, provided that a person is physically and financially capable of doing so. The Hajj occurs annually from the eighth to the twelfth day of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the Islamic calendar. The Hajj consists of a series of rituals that symbolize events in the lives of the prophet Ibrahim (the biblical Abraham) and his wife Hagar. Pilgrims circle the Kaaba seven times; travel seven times between two hills; drink from the Well of Zamzam; pray and stand in vigil on the plain of Mount Arafat; throw seven stones in a ritualized stoning of the Devil; sacrifice an animal or have one sacrificed on their behalf; and celebrate the Eid al-Adha festival, among other things. The Hajj was derived from a pre-Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that Muhammad rededicated to the One God of Islam in 631 CE.
哈吉是每年一度的麦加朝觐，所有的穆斯林，如果身体与经济能力许可的话，在其一生中至少要完成一次哈吉。按照伊斯兰历，哈吉是在每年的都尔黑哲月的第8至第12天进行。哈吉由一系列象征着先知易卜拉欣（圣经中的亚伯拉罕）及其妻子夏甲的生命事件的仪式组成。朝圣者绕圣堂转七圈；在两座山间往来穿行7次；从渗渗井饮水；在阿拉法特山的平地上祈祷并站立守护；扔7块石头，作为以石击恶魔的仪式；献祭一个动物、或者让其他人为自己献祭；庆祝宰牲节，等等。哈吉源自伊斯兰教兴起之前的麦加朝圣，在公元631年，穆罕默德重新将其奉献给伊斯兰教的唯一真神。