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IslamIslam is a religious tradition stressing submission to God according to the revelations to the prophet Muhammad (570/571-632 CE), whom Muslims hold to be the last in a line...
Egypt
The intersection of religion and politics in Egypt has been characterized by both gradual change and revolutionary rupture. Islam arrived in the 7th century CE, and Egypt...
The intersection of religion and politics in Egypt has been characterized by both gradual change and revolutionary rupture. Islam arrived in the 7th century CE, and Egypt...
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EVENTS (101)
Symposium on Global Development and Faith-Inspired Organizations in the Muslim World
December 16, 2007
December 16, 2007
PUBLICATIONS (54)
INTERVIEWS (179)
A Discussion with Mona Atia, Consultant, Gerhart Center for Philanthropy and Civil Society, American University in Cairo
December 14, 2007
December 14, 2007
A Discussion with Roksana Bahramitash, Director of Research, University of Montreal
December 2, 2007
December 2, 2007
LETTERS (200)
POSTS (47)
RELATED RESOURCES ON MUSLIM
Hassan al-Banna
哈桑•班纳
Hassan al-Banna was the founder and first General Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood. He was born in Egypt in 1906, became a schoolteacher, and founded the Society of the Muslim Brothers in 1928. Preaching a return to Qur’anic principles and a rejection of Westernization as the cure to society’s ills, the Brotherhood expanded to every Egyptian province within ten years, penetrating every facet of society. As it grew, al-Banna’s movement became politically active on issues across the spectrum and even sent volunteers into Palestine to fight in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Al-Banna was arrested several times as tensions with the government grew. The Prime Minister disbanded the Brotherhood in 1948 amid rumors it was planning a coup; soon after he was assassinated by a Brotherhood member. This led to the assassination of al-Banna shortly thereafter in 1949.
哈桑•班纳，埃及穆斯林兄弟会创始人，第1任最高精神领袖。1906年出生于埃及，后成为一名教师，1928年创立穆斯林兄弟会。穆斯林兄弟会宣扬回归古兰经原则，拒绝西方化，以救治社会的种种疾病。在10年之内，兄弟会迅速扩展到埃及各省，影响社会的方方面面。随着兄弟会的发展壮大，班纳的运动也演变成为一股政治力量，不仅影响各种政治事务，还向巴勒斯坦派遣志愿者，参加1948年的阿以战争。由于与政府之间关系紧张，班纳数次被捕。1948年，传言兄弟会策划政变，于是埃及总理下令解散该组织，结果不久后被一名兄弟会成员刺杀。此事件也导致班纳于1949年遇刺身亡。
班纳对于穆斯林兄弟会的影响是显而易见的：兄弟会初始时只是苏伊士运河地区的一个派别，但仅在10年内便发展遍及整个埃及；班纳去世时，兄弟会已拥有50万成员，并在海外拥有50万支持者。今天，穆斯林兄弟会是世界上最庞大、历史最久的伊斯兰组织。在众多阿拉伯国家，它都是最大的政治反对派。毫无疑问，班纳的领袖作用是穆斯林兄弟会迅速壮大的原因之一。作为组织性伊斯兰主义的创始人，班纳在现代伊斯兰思想史上留下重要印迹，影响了众多人物，例如：优素福•卡拉达维和奥萨玛•本•拉登。