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Holy See (Vatican City State) Holy See (Vatican City State)

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Roman Catholic

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The Christian Right and the IRS
September 21, 2008

RELATED RESOURCES: RELIGION AND PEACE

Women, War, & Peace
Publication
Mosaic Fall 2003
Publication
Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
克罗克国际和平研究所

Organization
Pope Benedict XVI
教宗本笃十六世(约瑟夫•拉青格)

Person
Religions for Peace
Organization
Susan Hayward
Person
Piusxii

《关于虚假意见》

August 12, 1950
《关于虚假意见是教宗庇护十二世在第二次世界大战结束五年后所写的一份通谕,阐述事关教会之哲学和神学基本立场的具有社会性、科学性重大意义的事件。该通谕对进化论采取了谨慎和非决断的态度,半世纪后,这一立场被约翰•保罗二世引述,后者认为,进化论丝毫不危及基督教教义。这份文献主张,天主教徒得自行并自由从事科学之事业,但在信仰与道德事物方面,须服从教会的睿智与权威。该文件批评了知识分子中间的现代潮流,尤其是相对主义和存在主义,并重申已历经许多个世纪的真理和传统(原文首字母为大写,译者注)。以灵活外交和审慎语言风格著称的庇护十二世,采取了异乎寻常的严厉口吻,谴责那些可能会伤害基督宗教权威和规范的谬见。与庇护十二世的通谕构成鲜明对照,其继承人约翰二十三世的文告(Mater et Matistra, Pacem in Terris),以及梵二会议的文件(Lumen Gentium, Gaudium et Spes, Dignitatis Humanae),都充满乐观、积极的看法。
Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Giuseppe Pacelli) authored 41 encyclicals and counts as one of only two popes ever to invoke ex cathedra infallibility in declaring the Assumption of Mary, yet his writings remain overshadowed by his involvement in World War...
Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, with over 1 billion members, and currently headed by Pope Francis. Since becoming the official religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, it has been persistently influential...