The right to Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB) (together with other human rights) presents unique challenges for Myanmar. The complex issues that are at stake center on the privileged role of Buddhism, understandings of citizenship and accompanying rights, and both governmental and societal treatment of and attitudes towards people following different religious traditions. Each issue is further complicated by the overlapping involvement of ethnic, racial, class, economic, and cultural factors, alongside legacies of Myanmar’s history. This brief focuses on numerous challenges present in the practical application of FoRB in the country. WFDD Executive Director Katherine Marshall was a lead author on the brief, developed as part of the Southeast Asia: Advancing Inter-Religious dialogue and Freedom of Religion or Belief project.