While religious discrimination and religiously motivated violence are not central concerns in Thailand, religious practice and identity enter indirectly into questions about the future of democracy, especially during a period when the military is ascendant. Specific areas of tension and debate within existing religious demarcations include conflict (also known as the Unrest) in Thailand’s Southernmost provinces, persisting concerns as to possible favoritism towards Buddhism (notably affecting education), and some issues around religious extremism, which have regional as well as national implications. This brief discusses broader contemporary concerns there about human rights, national identity, and social harmony with a particular link to freedom to practice religion. WFDD Executive Director Katherine Marshall was a lead author on the brief, developed as part of the Southeast Asia: Advancing Inter-Religious dialogue and Freedom of Religion or Belief project.